Disc space narrowing is exactly what it sounds like. The disc between two vertebrae becomes thinner, making the disc space more narrow. This occurs as a natural process over the lifespan of an individual. The nucleus pulposus (inner part of the disc) is comprised of glycosaminoglycans and water. As humans age the glycosaminoglycan and water content of the nucleus pulposus decreases, resulting in disc space narrowing.
A herniated disc can also result in disc space narrowing due to the loss of disc material.
Disc space narrowing may or may not be symptomatic. The disc acts as a cushion between vertebrae, allowing motion while keeping the spine stable. With less fluid content in a disc greater forces can be placed through the facet joints and ligaments of the spine, resulting in pain.
Decreased disc height may decrease the space available in the intervertebral foramen, where the nerve roots exit. Inflammation around the nerve root or compression of the nerve root can result in radicular pain and/or sciatica.
Disc space narrowing is a normal part of the aging process. It may or may not be a cause of pain, depending on a number of factors. MRI and X-ray findings must be correlated with signs and symptoms.
The presence of disc space narrowing does not mean pain is inevitable or that someone had a “bad back.”
FAQ
The disc between two vertebrae becomes thinner, making the disc space more narrow. This happens naturally over time as humans age. With age the water content and glycosaminoglycan content of the disc decreases, resulting in disc space narrowing. This may or may not result in low back pain or sciatica, depending on a number of factors.
It means the disc between two vertebrae is thinner or more narrow. This results from less water and glycosaminoglycan content in the disc itself. This is a natural process that occurs as humans age. Disc space narrowing can also occur following disc herniation, due to some of the disc material herniating out of the inner part of the disc.
The natural aging process is the primary cause of disc space narrowing. Just like aging in general, there is a genetic component involved. A history of disc herniation can also result in disc space narrowing over time. Decreased fluid content and glycosaminoglycan content in the nucleus pulposus (inner part of the disc) causes the disc to narrow.
Disc space narrowing simply means the disc is thinner and less hydrated, so more narrow. Spinal stenosis describes the narrowing of the spinal canal or the intervertebral foramen. Stenosis means narrowing. The spinal canal is where the spinal cord is located. The intervertebral foramen are where the nerve roots exit the spinal canal and travel out to the trunk and limbs. Disc space narrowing describes the disc space only and does not infer that there is stenosis present. Although disc space narrowing can contribute to spinal stenosis. Spinal stenosis infers that either the spinal canal, intervertebral foramen, or both have decreased space.
